# SPI Master Driver {#spi-master-driver}

The SPI Master drivers used in QMK have a set of common functions to allow portability between MCUs.

## Usage {#usage}

In most cases, the SPI Master driver code is automatically included if you are using a feature or driver which requires it, such as [OLED](../features/oled_driver).

However, if you need to use the driver standalone, add the following to your `rules.mk`:

```make
SPI_DRIVER_REQUIRED = yes
```

You can then call the SPI API by including `spi_master.h` in your code.

## AVR Configuration {#avr-configuration}

No special setup is required - just connect the `SS`, `SCK`, `MOSI` and `MISO` pins of your SPI devices to the matching pins on the MCU:

|MCU              |`SS`|`SCK`|`MOSI`|`MISO`|
|-----------------|----|-----|------|------|
|ATmega16/32U2/4  |`B0`|`B1` |`B2`  |`B3`  |
|AT90USB64/128/162|`B0`|`B1` |`B2`  |`B3`  |
|ATmega32A        |`B4`|`B7` |`B5`  |`B6`  |
|ATmega328/P      |`B2`|`B5` |`B3`  |`B4`  |

You may use more than one slave select pin, not just the `SS` pin. This is useful when you have multiple devices connected and need to communicate with them individually.
`SPI_SS_PIN` can be passed to `spi_start()` to refer to `SS`.

## ChibiOS/ARM Configuration {#arm-configuration}

You'll need to determine which pins can be used for SPI -- as an example, STM32 parts generally have multiple SPI peripherals, labeled SPI1, SPI2, SPI3 etc.

To enable SPI, modify your board's `halconf.h` to enable SPI, then modify your board's `mcuconf.h` to enable the peripheral you've chosen:

::: code-group
```c [halconf.h]
#pragma once

#define HAL_USE_SPI TRUE // [!code focus]
#define SPI_USE_WAIT TRUE // [!code focus]
#define SPI_SELECT_MODE SPI_SELECT_MODE_PAD // [!code focus]

#include_next <halconf.h>
```
```c [mcuconf.h]
#pragma once

#include_next <mcuconf.h>

#undef STM32_SPI_USE_SPI2 // [!code focus]
#define STM32_SPI_USE_SPI2 TRUE // [!code focus]
```
:::

Configuration-wise, you'll need to set up the peripheral as per your MCU's datasheet -- the defaults match the pins for a Proton-C, i.e. STM32F303.

|`config.h` Override|Description                                                  |Default|
|-------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|-------|
|`SPI_DRIVER`       |SPI peripheral to use - SPI1 -> `SPID1`, SPI2 -> `SPID2` etc.|`SPID2`|
|`SPI_SCK_PIN`      |The pin to use for SCK                                       |`B13`  |
|`SPI_SCK_PAL_MODE` |The alternate function mode for SCK                          |`5`    |
|`SPI_MOSI_PIN`     |The pin to use for MOSI                                      |`B15`  |
|`SPI_MOSI_PAL_MODE`|The alternate function mode for MOSI                         |`5`    |
|`SPI_MISO_PIN`     |The pin to use for MISO                                      |`B14`  |
|`SPI_MISO_PAL_MODE`|The alternate function mode for MISO                         |`5`    |

As per the AVR configuration, you may choose any other standard GPIO as a slave select pin, which should be supplied to `spi_start()`.

If a complete SPI interface is not required, then the following can be done to disable certain SPI pins, so they don't occupy a GPIO unnecessarily:
 - in `config.h`: `#define SPI_MISO_PIN NO_PIN`
 - in `config.h`: `#define SPI_MOSI_PIN NO_PIN`
 - in `mcuconf.h`: `#define SPI_SELECT_MODE SPI_SELECT_MODE_NONE`, in this case the `slavePin` argument passed to `spi_start()` may be `NO_PIN` if the slave select pin is not used.

## API {#api}

### `void spi_init(void)` {#api-spi-init}

Initialize the SPI driver. This function must be called only once, before any of the below functions can be called.

---

### `bool spi_start(pin_t slavePin, bool lsbFirst, uint8_t mode, uint16_t divisor)` {#api-spi-start}

Start an SPI transaction.

#### Arguments {#api-spi-start-arguments}

 - `pin_t slavePin`  
   The QMK pin to assert as the slave select pin, eg. `B4`.
 - `bool lsbFirst`  
   Determines the endianness of the transmission. If `true`, the least significant bit of each byte is sent first.
 - `uint8_t mode`  
   The SPI mode to use:

   |Mode|Clock Polarity      |Clock Phase            |
   |----|--------------------|-----------------------|
   |`0` |Leading edge rising |Sample on leading edge |
   |`1` |Leading edge rising |Sample on trailing edge|
   |`2` |Leading edge falling|Sample on leading edge |
   |`3` |Leading edge falling|Sample on trailing edge|

 - `uint16_t divisor`  
   The SPI clock divisor, will be rounded up to the nearest power of two. This number can be calculated by dividing the MCU's clock speed by the desired SPI clock speed. For example, an MCU running at 8 MHz wanting to talk to an SPI device at 4 MHz would set the divisor to `2`.

#### Return Value {#api-spi-start-return}

`false` if the supplied parameters are invalid or the SPI peripheral is already in use, or `true`.

---

### `spi_status_t spi_write(uint8_t data)` {#api-spi-write}

Write a byte to the selected SPI device.

#### Arguments {#api-spi-write-arguments}

 - `uint8_t data`  
   The byte to write.

#### Return Value {#api-spi-write-return}

`SPI_STATUS_TIMEOUT` if the timeout period elapses, or `SPI_STATUS_SUCCESS`.

---

### `spi_status_t spi_read(void)` {#api-spi-read}

Read a byte from the selected SPI device.

#### Return Value {#api-spi-read-return}

`SPI_STATUS_TIMEOUT` if the timeout period elapses, or the byte read from the device.

---

### `spi_status_t spi_transmit(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t length)` {#api-spi-transmit}

Send multiple bytes to the selected SPI device.

#### Arguments {#api-spi-transmit-arguments}

 - `const uint8_t *data`  
   A pointer to the data to write from.
 - `uint16_t length`  
   The number of bytes to write. Take care not to overrun the length of `data`.

#### Return Value {#api-spi-transmit-return}

`SPI_STATUS_TIMEOUT` if the timeout period elapses, `SPI_STATUS_ERROR` if some other error occurs, otherwise `SPI_STATUS_SUCCESS`.

---

### `spi_status_t spi_receive(uint8_t *data, uint16_t length)` {#api-spi-receive}

Receive multiple bytes from the selected SPI device.

#### Arguments {#api-spi-receive-arguments}

 - `uint8_t *data`  
   A pointer to the buffer to read into.
 - `uint16_t length`  
   The number of bytes to read. Take care not to overrun the length of `data`.

#### Return Value {#api-spi-receive-return}

`SPI_STATUS_TIMEOUT` if the timeout period elapses, `SPI_STATUS_ERROR` if some other error occurs, otherwise `SPI_STATUS_SUCCESS`.

---

### `void spi_stop(void)` {#api-spi-stop}

End the current SPI transaction. This will deassert the slave select pin and reset the endianness, mode and divisor configured by `spi_start()`.
