Files
p256k1/avx/scalar.go
2025-11-28 16:35:08 +00:00

426 lines
12 KiB
Go

package avx
import "math/bits"
// Scalar operations modulo the secp256k1 group order n.
// n = FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141
// SetBytes sets a scalar from a 32-byte big-endian slice.
// Returns true if the value was >= n and was reduced.
func (s *Scalar) SetBytes(b []byte) bool {
if len(b) != 32 {
panic("scalar must be 32 bytes")
}
// Convert big-endian bytes to little-endian limbs
s.D[0].Lo = uint64(b[31]) | uint64(b[30])<<8 | uint64(b[29])<<16 | uint64(b[28])<<24 |
uint64(b[27])<<32 | uint64(b[26])<<40 | uint64(b[25])<<48 | uint64(b[24])<<56
s.D[0].Hi = uint64(b[23]) | uint64(b[22])<<8 | uint64(b[21])<<16 | uint64(b[20])<<24 |
uint64(b[19])<<32 | uint64(b[18])<<40 | uint64(b[17])<<48 | uint64(b[16])<<56
s.D[1].Lo = uint64(b[15]) | uint64(b[14])<<8 | uint64(b[13])<<16 | uint64(b[12])<<24 |
uint64(b[11])<<32 | uint64(b[10])<<40 | uint64(b[9])<<48 | uint64(b[8])<<56
s.D[1].Hi = uint64(b[7]) | uint64(b[6])<<8 | uint64(b[5])<<16 | uint64(b[4])<<24 |
uint64(b[3])<<32 | uint64(b[2])<<40 | uint64(b[1])<<48 | uint64(b[0])<<56
// Check overflow and reduce if necessary
overflow := s.checkOverflow()
if overflow {
s.reduce()
}
return overflow
}
// Bytes returns the scalar as a 32-byte big-endian slice.
func (s *Scalar) Bytes() [32]byte {
var b [32]byte
b[31] = byte(s.D[0].Lo)
b[30] = byte(s.D[0].Lo >> 8)
b[29] = byte(s.D[0].Lo >> 16)
b[28] = byte(s.D[0].Lo >> 24)
b[27] = byte(s.D[0].Lo >> 32)
b[26] = byte(s.D[0].Lo >> 40)
b[25] = byte(s.D[0].Lo >> 48)
b[24] = byte(s.D[0].Lo >> 56)
b[23] = byte(s.D[0].Hi)
b[22] = byte(s.D[0].Hi >> 8)
b[21] = byte(s.D[0].Hi >> 16)
b[20] = byte(s.D[0].Hi >> 24)
b[19] = byte(s.D[0].Hi >> 32)
b[18] = byte(s.D[0].Hi >> 40)
b[17] = byte(s.D[0].Hi >> 48)
b[16] = byte(s.D[0].Hi >> 56)
b[15] = byte(s.D[1].Lo)
b[14] = byte(s.D[1].Lo >> 8)
b[13] = byte(s.D[1].Lo >> 16)
b[12] = byte(s.D[1].Lo >> 24)
b[11] = byte(s.D[1].Lo >> 32)
b[10] = byte(s.D[1].Lo >> 40)
b[9] = byte(s.D[1].Lo >> 48)
b[8] = byte(s.D[1].Lo >> 56)
b[7] = byte(s.D[1].Hi)
b[6] = byte(s.D[1].Hi >> 8)
b[5] = byte(s.D[1].Hi >> 16)
b[4] = byte(s.D[1].Hi >> 24)
b[3] = byte(s.D[1].Hi >> 32)
b[2] = byte(s.D[1].Hi >> 40)
b[1] = byte(s.D[1].Hi >> 48)
b[0] = byte(s.D[1].Hi >> 56)
return b
}
// IsZero returns true if the scalar is zero.
func (s *Scalar) IsZero() bool {
return s.D[0].IsZero() && s.D[1].IsZero()
}
// IsOne returns true if the scalar is one.
func (s *Scalar) IsOne() bool {
return s.D[0].Lo == 1 && s.D[0].Hi == 0 && s.D[1].IsZero()
}
// Equal returns true if two scalars are equal.
func (s *Scalar) Equal(other *Scalar) bool {
return s.D[0].Lo == other.D[0].Lo && s.D[0].Hi == other.D[0].Hi &&
s.D[1].Lo == other.D[1].Lo && s.D[1].Hi == other.D[1].Hi
}
// checkOverflow returns true if s >= n.
func (s *Scalar) checkOverflow() bool {
// Compare high to low
if s.D[1].Hi > ScalarN.D[1].Hi {
return true
}
if s.D[1].Hi < ScalarN.D[1].Hi {
return false
}
if s.D[1].Lo > ScalarN.D[1].Lo {
return true
}
if s.D[1].Lo < ScalarN.D[1].Lo {
return false
}
if s.D[0].Hi > ScalarN.D[0].Hi {
return true
}
if s.D[0].Hi < ScalarN.D[0].Hi {
return false
}
return s.D[0].Lo >= ScalarN.D[0].Lo
}
// reduce reduces s modulo n by adding the complement (2^256 - n).
func (s *Scalar) reduce() {
// s = s - n = s + (2^256 - n) mod 2^256
var carry uint64
s.D[0].Lo, carry = bits.Add64(s.D[0].Lo, ScalarNC.D[0].Lo, 0)
s.D[0].Hi, carry = bits.Add64(s.D[0].Hi, ScalarNC.D[0].Hi, carry)
s.D[1].Lo, carry = bits.Add64(s.D[1].Lo, ScalarNC.D[1].Lo, carry)
s.D[1].Hi, _ = bits.Add64(s.D[1].Hi, ScalarNC.D[1].Hi, carry)
}
// Add sets s = a + b mod n.
func (s *Scalar) Add(a, b *Scalar) *Scalar {
var carry uint64
s.D[0].Lo, carry = bits.Add64(a.D[0].Lo, b.D[0].Lo, 0)
s.D[0].Hi, carry = bits.Add64(a.D[0].Hi, b.D[0].Hi, carry)
s.D[1].Lo, carry = bits.Add64(a.D[1].Lo, b.D[1].Lo, carry)
s.D[1].Hi, carry = bits.Add64(a.D[1].Hi, b.D[1].Hi, carry)
// If there was a carry or if result >= n, reduce
if carry != 0 || s.checkOverflow() {
s.reduce()
}
return s
}
// Sub sets s = a - b mod n.
func (s *Scalar) Sub(a, b *Scalar) *Scalar {
var borrow uint64
s.D[0].Lo, borrow = bits.Sub64(a.D[0].Lo, b.D[0].Lo, 0)
s.D[0].Hi, borrow = bits.Sub64(a.D[0].Hi, b.D[0].Hi, borrow)
s.D[1].Lo, borrow = bits.Sub64(a.D[1].Lo, b.D[1].Lo, borrow)
s.D[1].Hi, borrow = bits.Sub64(a.D[1].Hi, b.D[1].Hi, borrow)
// If there was a borrow, add n back
if borrow != 0 {
var carry uint64
s.D[0].Lo, carry = bits.Add64(s.D[0].Lo, ScalarN.D[0].Lo, 0)
s.D[0].Hi, carry = bits.Add64(s.D[0].Hi, ScalarN.D[0].Hi, carry)
s.D[1].Lo, carry = bits.Add64(s.D[1].Lo, ScalarN.D[1].Lo, carry)
s.D[1].Hi, _ = bits.Add64(s.D[1].Hi, ScalarN.D[1].Hi, carry)
}
return s
}
// Negate sets s = -a mod n.
func (s *Scalar) Negate(a *Scalar) *Scalar {
if a.IsZero() {
*s = ScalarZero
return s
}
// s = n - a
var borrow uint64
s.D[0].Lo, borrow = bits.Sub64(ScalarN.D[0].Lo, a.D[0].Lo, 0)
s.D[0].Hi, borrow = bits.Sub64(ScalarN.D[0].Hi, a.D[0].Hi, borrow)
s.D[1].Lo, borrow = bits.Sub64(ScalarN.D[1].Lo, a.D[1].Lo, borrow)
s.D[1].Hi, _ = bits.Sub64(ScalarN.D[1].Hi, a.D[1].Hi, borrow)
return s
}
// Mul sets s = a * b mod n.
func (s *Scalar) Mul(a, b *Scalar) *Scalar {
// Compute 512-bit product
var prod [8]uint64
scalarMul512(&prod, a, b)
// Reduce mod n
scalarReduce512(s, &prod)
return s
}
// scalarMul512 computes the 512-bit product of two 256-bit scalars.
// Result is stored in prod[0..7] where prod[0] is the least significant.
func scalarMul512(prod *[8]uint64, a, b *Scalar) {
// Using schoolbook multiplication with 64-bit limbs
// a = a[0] + a[1]*2^64 + a[2]*2^128 + a[3]*2^192
// b = b[0] + b[1]*2^64 + b[2]*2^128 + b[3]*2^192
aLimbs := [4]uint64{a.D[0].Lo, a.D[0].Hi, a.D[1].Lo, a.D[1].Hi}
bLimbs := [4]uint64{b.D[0].Lo, b.D[0].Hi, b.D[1].Lo, b.D[1].Hi}
// Clear product
for i := range prod {
prod[i] = 0
}
// Schoolbook multiplication
for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
var carry uint64
for j := 0; j < 4; j++ {
hi, lo := bits.Mul64(aLimbs[i], bLimbs[j])
lo, c := bits.Add64(lo, prod[i+j], 0)
hi, _ = bits.Add64(hi, 0, c)
lo, c = bits.Add64(lo, carry, 0)
hi, _ = bits.Add64(hi, 0, c)
prod[i+j] = lo
carry = hi
}
prod[i+4] = carry
}
}
// scalarReduce512 reduces a 512-bit value mod n.
func scalarReduce512(s *Scalar, prod *[8]uint64) {
// Barrett reduction or simple repeated subtraction
// For now, use a simpler approach: extract high 256 bits, multiply by (2^256 mod n), add to low
// 2^256 mod n = 2^256 - n = ScalarNC (approximately 0x14551231950B75FC4...etc)
// This is a simplified reduction - a full implementation would use Barrett reduction
// Copy low 256 bits to result
s.D[0].Lo = prod[0]
s.D[0].Hi = prod[1]
s.D[1].Lo = prod[2]
s.D[1].Hi = prod[3]
// If high 256 bits are non-zero, we need to reduce
if prod[4] != 0 || prod[5] != 0 || prod[6] != 0 || prod[7] != 0 {
// high * (2^256 mod n) + low
// This is a simplified version - multiply high by NC and add
highScalar := Scalar{
D: [2]Uint128{
{Lo: prod[4], Hi: prod[5]},
{Lo: prod[6], Hi: prod[7]},
},
}
// Multiply high by NC (which is small: ~2^129)
// For correctness, we'd need full multiplication, but NC is small enough
// that we can use a simplified approach
// NC = 0x14551231950B75FC4402DA1732FC9BEBF
// NC.D[0] = {Lo: 0x402DA1732FC9BEBF, Hi: 0x4551231950B75FC4}
// NC.D[1] = {Lo: 0x1, Hi: 0}
// Approximate: high * NC ≈ high * 2^129 (since NC ≈ 2^129)
// This means we shift high left by 129 bits and add
// For a correct implementation, compute high * NC properly:
var reduction [8]uint64
ncLimbs := [4]uint64{ScalarNC.D[0].Lo, ScalarNC.D[0].Hi, ScalarNC.D[1].Lo, ScalarNC.D[1].Hi}
highLimbs := [4]uint64{highScalar.D[0].Lo, highScalar.D[0].Hi, highScalar.D[1].Lo, highScalar.D[1].Hi}
for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
var carry uint64
for j := 0; j < 4; j++ {
hi, lo := bits.Mul64(highLimbs[i], ncLimbs[j])
lo, c := bits.Add64(lo, reduction[i+j], 0)
hi, _ = bits.Add64(hi, 0, c)
lo, c = bits.Add64(lo, carry, 0)
hi, _ = bits.Add64(hi, 0, c)
reduction[i+j] = lo
carry = hi
}
if i+4 < 8 {
reduction[i+4], _ = bits.Add64(reduction[i+4], carry, 0)
}
}
// Add reduction to s
var carry uint64
s.D[0].Lo, carry = bits.Add64(s.D[0].Lo, reduction[0], 0)
s.D[0].Hi, carry = bits.Add64(s.D[0].Hi, reduction[1], carry)
s.D[1].Lo, carry = bits.Add64(s.D[1].Lo, reduction[2], carry)
s.D[1].Hi, carry = bits.Add64(s.D[1].Hi, reduction[3], carry)
// Handle any remaining high bits by repeated reduction
// If there's a carry, it represents 2^256 which equals NC mod n
// If reduction[4..7] are non-zero, we need to reduce those too
if carry != 0 || reduction[4] != 0 || reduction[5] != 0 || reduction[6] != 0 || reduction[7] != 0 {
// The carry and reduction[4..7] together represent additional multiples of 2^256
// Each 2^256 ≡ NC (mod n), so we add (carry + reduction[4..7]) * NC
// First, handle the carry
if carry != 0 {
// carry * NC
var c uint64
s.D[0].Lo, c = bits.Add64(s.D[0].Lo, ScalarNC.D[0].Lo, 0)
s.D[0].Hi, c = bits.Add64(s.D[0].Hi, ScalarNC.D[0].Hi, c)
s.D[1].Lo, c = bits.Add64(s.D[1].Lo, ScalarNC.D[1].Lo, c)
s.D[1].Hi, c = bits.Add64(s.D[1].Hi, ScalarNC.D[1].Hi, c)
// If there's still a carry, add NC again
for c != 0 {
s.D[0].Lo, c = bits.Add64(s.D[0].Lo, ScalarNC.D[0].Lo, 0)
s.D[0].Hi, c = bits.Add64(s.D[0].Hi, ScalarNC.D[0].Hi, c)
s.D[1].Lo, c = bits.Add64(s.D[1].Lo, ScalarNC.D[1].Lo, c)
s.D[1].Hi, c = bits.Add64(s.D[1].Hi, ScalarNC.D[1].Hi, c)
}
}
// Handle reduction[4..7] if non-zero
if reduction[4] != 0 || reduction[5] != 0 || reduction[6] != 0 || reduction[7] != 0 {
// Compute reduction[4..7] * NC and add
highScalar2 := Scalar{
D: [2]Uint128{
{Lo: reduction[4], Hi: reduction[5]},
{Lo: reduction[6], Hi: reduction[7]},
},
}
var reduction2 [8]uint64
high2Limbs := [4]uint64{highScalar2.D[0].Lo, highScalar2.D[0].Hi, highScalar2.D[1].Lo, highScalar2.D[1].Hi}
for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
var c uint64
for j := 0; j < 4; j++ {
hi, lo := bits.Mul64(high2Limbs[i], ncLimbs[j])
lo, cc := bits.Add64(lo, reduction2[i+j], 0)
hi, _ = bits.Add64(hi, 0, cc)
lo, cc = bits.Add64(lo, c, 0)
hi, _ = bits.Add64(hi, 0, cc)
reduction2[i+j] = lo
c = hi
}
if i+4 < 8 {
reduction2[i+4], _ = bits.Add64(reduction2[i+4], c, 0)
}
}
var c uint64
s.D[0].Lo, c = bits.Add64(s.D[0].Lo, reduction2[0], 0)
s.D[0].Hi, c = bits.Add64(s.D[0].Hi, reduction2[1], c)
s.D[1].Lo, c = bits.Add64(s.D[1].Lo, reduction2[2], c)
s.D[1].Hi, c = bits.Add64(s.D[1].Hi, reduction2[3], c)
// Handle cascading carries
for c != 0 || reduction2[4] != 0 || reduction2[5] != 0 || reduction2[6] != 0 || reduction2[7] != 0 {
// This case is extremely rare but handle it
for s.checkOverflow() {
s.reduce()
}
break
}
}
}
}
// Final reduction if needed
if s.checkOverflow() {
s.reduce()
}
}
// Sqr sets s = a^2 mod n.
func (s *Scalar) Sqr(a *Scalar) *Scalar {
return s.Mul(a, a)
}
// Inverse sets s = a^(-1) mod n using Fermat's little theorem.
// a^(-1) = a^(n-2) mod n
func (s *Scalar) Inverse(a *Scalar) *Scalar {
// n-2 in binary is used for square-and-multiply
// This is a simplified implementation using binary exponentiation
var result, base Scalar
result = ScalarOne
base = *a
// n-2 bytes (big-endian)
nMinus2 := [32]byte{
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFE,
0xBA, 0xAE, 0xDC, 0xE6, 0xAF, 0x48, 0xA0, 0x3B,
0xBF, 0xD2, 0x5E, 0x8C, 0xD0, 0x36, 0x41, 0x3F,
}
for i := 0; i < 32; i++ {
b := nMinus2[31-i]
for j := 0; j < 8; j++ {
if (b>>j)&1 == 1 {
result.Mul(&result, &base)
}
base.Sqr(&base)
}
}
*s = result
return s
}
// IsHigh returns true if s > n/2.
func (s *Scalar) IsHigh() bool {
// Compare with n/2
if s.D[1].Hi > ScalarNHalf.D[1].Hi {
return true
}
if s.D[1].Hi < ScalarNHalf.D[1].Hi {
return false
}
if s.D[1].Lo > ScalarNHalf.D[1].Lo {
return true
}
if s.D[1].Lo < ScalarNHalf.D[1].Lo {
return false
}
if s.D[0].Hi > ScalarNHalf.D[0].Hi {
return true
}
if s.D[0].Hi < ScalarNHalf.D[0].Hi {
return false
}
return s.D[0].Lo > ScalarNHalf.D[0].Lo
}
// CondNegate negates s if cond is true.
func (s *Scalar) CondNegate(cond bool) *Scalar {
if cond {
s.Negate(s)
}
return s
}