Add standalone Schnorr signature implementation (BIP-340)

This commit introduces a new file, `schnorr_standalone.c`, which contains the complete implementation of Schnorr signatures as specified in BIP-340. The file includes core signing and verification logic, along with necessary dependencies and forward declarations from the secp256k1 library. This addition enhances the cryptographic capabilities of the library by providing a standalone solution for Schnorr signatures, ensuring compliance with the BIP-340 standard.
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2025-11-02 01:45:51 +00:00
parent 97fd24017a
commit 3cf494709e

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/***********************************************************************
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Andrew Poelstra, Jonas Nick *
* Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying *
* file COPYING or https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.*
***********************************************************************/
/*
* Standalone Schnorr Signature Implementation (BIP-340)
*
* This file extracts the Schnorr signature functions from the secp256k1
* library. It contains the core signing and verification logic for BIP-340
* compliant Schnorr signatures.
*
* DEPENDENCIES:
* This implementation requires the following from secp256k1:
* - secp256k1_context structure (with ecmult_gen_ctx for signing)
* - secp256k1_scalar, secp256k1_fe, secp256k1_ge, secp256k1_gej types
* - Scalar operations: set_b32, set_b32_seckey, get_b32, is_zero, negate, mul, add, cmov
* - Field operations: set_b32_limit, get_b32, is_odd, normalize_var, equal
* - Group operations: set_xo_var, set_gej, set_gej_var, is_infinity, ecmult_gen, ecmult
* - Hash operations: sha256_initialize, sha256_write, sha256_finalize, sha256_clear, sha256_initialize_tagged
* - Keypair operations: keypair_load
* - X-only pubkey operations: xonly_pubkey_load
* - Utility: memcmp_var, memczero, memclear_explicit, declassify
*
* To use this file, you must link against the full secp256k1 library or
* provide implementations of the above dependencies.
*/
#ifndef SCHNORR_STANDALONE_C
#define SCHNORR_STANDALONE_C
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>
/* SHA256 structure definition (from secp256k1 hash.h) */
typedef struct {
uint32_t s[8];
unsigned char buf[64];
uint64_t bytes;
} secp256k1_sha256;
/* Forward declarations - these types must be provided by secp256k1 */
typedef struct secp256k1_context_struct secp256k1_context;
typedef struct secp256k1_scalar_struct secp256k1_scalar;
typedef struct secp256k1_fe_struct secp256k1_fe;
typedef struct secp256k1_ge_struct secp256k1_ge;
typedef struct secp256k1_gej_struct secp256k1_gej;
typedef struct secp256k1_keypair_struct secp256k1_keypair;
typedef struct secp256k1_xonly_pubkey_struct secp256k1_xonly_pubkey;
/* Forward declarations - these functions must be provided by secp256k1 */
extern void secp256k1_sha256_initialize(secp256k1_sha256 *hash);
extern void secp256k1_sha256_write(secp256k1_sha256 *hash, const unsigned char *data, size_t size);
extern void secp256k1_sha256_finalize(secp256k1_sha256 *hash, unsigned char *out32);
extern void secp256k1_sha256_clear(secp256k1_sha256 *hash);
extern void secp256k1_sha256_initialize_tagged(secp256k1_sha256 *hash, const unsigned char *tag, size_t taglen);
extern int secp256k1_memcmp_var(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
extern void secp256k1_memczero(void *s, size_t len, int flag);
extern void secp256k1_memclear_explicit(void *ptr, size_t len);
extern void secp256k1_declassify(const secp256k1_context *ctx, const void *ptr, size_t len);
extern int secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(secp256k1_scalar *r, const unsigned char *bin, int *overflow);
extern int secp256k1_scalar_set_b32_seckey(secp256k1_scalar *r, const unsigned char *bin);
extern void secp256k1_scalar_get_b32(unsigned char *bin, const secp256k1_scalar *a);
extern int secp256k1_scalar_is_zero(const secp256k1_scalar *a);
extern void secp256k1_scalar_negate(secp256k1_scalar *r, const secp256k1_scalar *a);
extern void secp256k1_scalar_mul(secp256k1_scalar *r, const secp256k1_scalar *a, const secp256k1_scalar *b);
extern void secp256k1_scalar_add(secp256k1_scalar *r, const secp256k1_scalar *a, const secp256k1_scalar *b);
extern void secp256k1_scalar_cmov(secp256k1_scalar *r, const secp256k1_scalar *a, int flag);
extern int secp256k1_fe_set_b32_limit(secp256k1_fe *r, const unsigned char *a);
extern void secp256k1_fe_get_b32(unsigned char *r, const secp256k1_fe *a);
extern int secp256k1_fe_is_odd(const secp256k1_fe *a);
extern void secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(secp256k1_fe *r);
extern int secp256k1_fe_equal(const secp256k1_fe *a, const secp256k1_fe *b);
extern int secp256k1_ge_set_xo_var(secp256k1_ge *r, const secp256k1_fe *x, int odd);
extern void secp256k1_ge_set_gej(secp256k1_ge *r, const secp256k1_gej *a);
extern void secp256k1_ge_set_gej_var(secp256k1_ge *r, const secp256k1_gej *a);
extern int secp256k1_ge_is_infinity(const secp256k1_ge *r);
extern void secp256k1_ecmult_gen(const secp256k1_ecmult_gen_context *ctx, secp256k1_gej *r, const secp256k1_scalar *a);
extern void secp256k1_ecmult(const secp256k1_ecmult_context *ctx, secp256k1_gej *r, const secp256k1_gej *a, const secp256k1_scalar *na, const secp256k1_scalar *ng);
extern int secp256k1_keypair_load(const secp256k1_context *ctx, secp256k1_scalar *sk, secp256k1_ge *pk, const secp256k1_keypair *keypair);
extern int secp256k1_xonly_pubkey_load(const secp256k1_context *ctx, secp256k1_ge *ge, const secp256k1_xonly_pubkey *pubkey);
extern int secp256k1_ecmult_gen_context_is_built(const secp256k1_ecmult_gen_context *ctx);
extern secp256k1_scalar secp256k1_scalar_one;
/* Internal context structure references */
typedef struct secp256k1_ecmult_gen_context_struct secp256k1_ecmult_gen_context;
typedef struct secp256k1_ecmult_context_struct secp256k1_ecmult_context;
/* Macros for argument checking */
#ifndef VERIFY_CHECK
#define VERIFY_CHECK(cond) do { } while(0)
#endif
#ifndef ARG_CHECK
#define ARG_CHECK(cond) do { \
if (!(cond)) { \
return 0; \
} \
} while(0)
#endif
/* BIP-340 nonce tag */
static const unsigned char bip340_algo[] = {'B', 'I', 'P', '0', '3', '4', '0', '/', 'n', 'o', 'n', 'c', 'e'};
/* Extraparams magic value */
static const unsigned char schnorrsig_extraparams_magic[4] = { 0xda, 0x6f, 0xb3, 0x8c };
/* Initializes SHA256 with fixed midstate. This midstate was computed by applying
* SHA256 to SHA256("BIP0340/nonce")||SHA256("BIP0340/nonce"). */
static void secp256k1_nonce_function_bip340_sha256_tagged(secp256k1_sha256 *sha) {
secp256k1_sha256_initialize(sha);
sha->s[0] = 0x46615b35ul;
sha->s[1] = 0xf4bfbff7ul;
sha->s[2] = 0x9f8dc671ul;
sha->s[3] = 0x83627ab3ul;
sha->s[4] = 0x60217180ul;
sha->s[5] = 0x57358661ul;
sha->s[6] = 0x21a29e54ul;
sha->s[7] = 0x68b07b4cul;
sha->bytes = 64;
}
/* Initializes SHA256 with fixed midstate. This midstate was computed by applying
* SHA256 to SHA256("BIP0340/aux")||SHA256("BIP0340/aux"). */
static void secp256k1_nonce_function_bip340_sha256_tagged_aux(secp256k1_sha256 *sha) {
secp256k1_sha256_initialize(sha);
sha->s[0] = 0x24dd3219ul;
sha->s[1] = 0x4eba7e70ul;
sha->s[2] = 0xca0fabb9ul;
sha->s[3] = 0x0fa3166dul;
sha->s[4] = 0x3afbe4b1ul;
sha->s[5] = 0x4c44df97ul;
sha->s[6] = 0x4aac2739ul;
sha->s[7] = 0x249e850aul;
sha->bytes = 64;
}
/* BIP-340 nonce generation function */
static int nonce_function_bip340(unsigned char *nonce32, const unsigned char *msg, size_t msglen, const unsigned char *key32, const unsigned char *xonly_pk32, const unsigned char *algo, size_t algolen, void *data) {
secp256k1_sha256 sha;
unsigned char masked_key[32];
int i;
if (algo == NULL) {
return 0;
}
if (data != NULL) {
secp256k1_nonce_function_bip340_sha256_tagged_aux(&sha);
secp256k1_sha256_write(&sha, data, 32);
secp256k1_sha256_finalize(&sha, masked_key);
for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
masked_key[i] ^= key32[i];
}
} else {
/* Precomputed TaggedHash("BIP0340/aux", 0x0000...00); */
static const unsigned char ZERO_MASK[32] = {
84, 241, 105, 207, 201, 226, 229, 114,
116, 128, 68, 31, 144, 186, 37, 196,
136, 244, 97, 199, 11, 94, 165, 220,
170, 247, 175, 105, 39, 10, 165, 20
};
for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
masked_key[i] = key32[i] ^ ZERO_MASK[i];
}
}
/* Tag the hash with algo which is important to avoid nonce reuse across
* algorithms. If this nonce function is used in BIP-340 signing as defined
* in the spec, an optimized tagging implementation is used. */
if (algolen == sizeof(bip340_algo)
&& secp256k1_memcmp_var(algo, bip340_algo, algolen) == 0) {
secp256k1_nonce_function_bip340_sha256_tagged(&sha);
} else {
secp256k1_sha256_initialize_tagged(&sha, algo, algolen);
}
/* Hash masked-key||pk||msg using the tagged hash as per the spec */
secp256k1_sha256_write(&sha, masked_key, 32);
secp256k1_sha256_write(&sha, xonly_pk32, 32);
secp256k1_sha256_write(&sha, msg, msglen);
secp256k1_sha256_finalize(&sha, nonce32);
secp256k1_sha256_clear(&sha);
secp256k1_memclear_explicit(masked_key, sizeof(masked_key));
return 1;
}
/* Nonce function pointer type */
typedef int (*secp256k1_nonce_function_hardened)(
unsigned char *nonce32,
const unsigned char *msg,
size_t msglen,
const unsigned char *key32,
const unsigned char *xonly_pk32,
const unsigned char *algo,
size_t algolen,
void *data
);
/* Public nonce function pointer */
const secp256k1_nonce_function_hardened secp256k1_nonce_function_bip340 = nonce_function_bip340;
/* Initializes SHA256 with fixed midstate. This midstate was computed by applying
* SHA256 to SHA256("BIP0340/challenge")||SHA256("BIP0340/challenge"). */
static void secp256k1_schnorrsig_sha256_tagged(secp256k1_sha256 *sha) {
secp256k1_sha256_initialize(sha);
sha->s[0] = 0x9cecba11ul;
sha->s[1] = 0x23925381ul;
sha->s[2] = 0x11679112ul;
sha->s[3] = 0xd1627e0ful;
sha->s[4] = 0x97c87550ul;
sha->s[5] = 0x003cc765ul;
sha->s[6] = 0x90f61164ul;
sha->s[7] = 0x33e9b66aul;
sha->bytes = 64;
}
/* Compute the challenge hash e = TaggedHash("BIP0340/challenge", r || pk || msg) */
static void secp256k1_schnorrsig_challenge(secp256k1_scalar* e, const unsigned char *r32, const unsigned char *msg, size_t msglen, const unsigned char *pubkey32)
{
unsigned char buf[32];
secp256k1_sha256 sha;
/* tagged hash(r.x, pk.x, msg) */
secp256k1_schnorrsig_sha256_tagged(&sha);
secp256k1_sha256_write(&sha, r32, 32);
secp256k1_sha256_write(&sha, pubkey32, 32);
secp256k1_sha256_write(&sha, msg, msglen);
secp256k1_sha256_finalize(&sha, buf);
/* Set scalar e to the challenge hash modulo the curve order as per
* BIP340. */
secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(e, buf, NULL);
}
/* Internal signing function */
static int secp256k1_schnorrsig_sign_internal(const secp256k1_context* ctx, unsigned char *sig64, const unsigned char *msg, size_t msglen, const secp256k1_keypair *keypair, secp256k1_nonce_function_hardened noncefp, void *ndata) {
secp256k1_scalar sk;
secp256k1_scalar e;
secp256k1_scalar k;
secp256k1_gej rj;
secp256k1_ge pk;
secp256k1_ge r;
unsigned char nonce32[32] = { 0 };
unsigned char pk_buf[32];
unsigned char seckey[32];
int ret = 1;
VERIFY_CHECK(ctx != NULL);
ARG_CHECK(secp256k1_ecmult_gen_context_is_built(&ctx->ecmult_gen_ctx));
ARG_CHECK(sig64 != NULL);
ARG_CHECK(msg != NULL || msglen == 0);
ARG_CHECK(keypair != NULL);
if (noncefp == NULL) {
noncefp = secp256k1_nonce_function_bip340;
}
ret &= secp256k1_keypair_load(ctx, &sk, &pk, keypair);
/* Because we are signing for a x-only pubkey, the secret key is negated
* before signing if the point corresponding to the secret key does not
* have an even Y. */
if (secp256k1_fe_is_odd(&pk.y)) {
secp256k1_scalar_negate(&sk, &sk);
}
secp256k1_scalar_get_b32(seckey, &sk);
secp256k1_fe_get_b32(pk_buf, &pk.x);
ret &= !!noncefp(nonce32, msg, msglen, seckey, pk_buf, bip340_algo, sizeof(bip340_algo), ndata);
secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(&k, nonce32, NULL);
ret &= !secp256k1_scalar_is_zero(&k);
secp256k1_scalar_cmov(&k, &secp256k1_scalar_one, !ret);
secp256k1_ecmult_gen(&ctx->ecmult_gen_ctx, &rj, &k);
secp256k1_ge_set_gej(&r, &rj);
/* We declassify r to allow using it as a branch point. This is fine
* because r is not a secret. */
secp256k1_declassify(ctx, &r, sizeof(r));
secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&r.y);
if (secp256k1_fe_is_odd(&r.y)) {
secp256k1_scalar_negate(&k, &k);
}
secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&r.x);
secp256k1_fe_get_b32(&sig64[0], &r.x);
secp256k1_schnorrsig_challenge(&e, &sig64[0], msg, msglen, pk_buf);
secp256k1_scalar_mul(&e, &e, &sk);
secp256k1_scalar_add(&e, &e, &k);
secp256k1_scalar_get_b32(&sig64[32], &e);
secp256k1_memczero(sig64, 64, !ret);
secp256k1_scalar_clear(&k);
secp256k1_scalar_clear(&sk);
secp256k1_memclear_explicit(seckey, sizeof(seckey));
secp256k1_memclear_explicit(nonce32, sizeof(nonce32));
secp256k1_gej_clear(&rj);
return ret;
}
/* Public API: Sign a 32-byte message */
int secp256k1_schnorrsig_sign32(const secp256k1_context* ctx, unsigned char *sig64, const unsigned char *msg32, const secp256k1_keypair *keypair, const unsigned char *aux_rand32) {
/* We cast away const from the passed aux_rand32 argument since we know the default nonce function does not modify it. */
return secp256k1_schnorrsig_sign_internal(ctx, sig64, msg32, 32, keypair, secp256k1_nonce_function_bip340, (unsigned char*)aux_rand32);
}
/* Public API: Verify a Schnorr signature */
int secp256k1_schnorrsig_verify(const secp256k1_context* ctx, const unsigned char *sig64, const unsigned char *msg, size_t msglen, const secp256k1_xonly_pubkey *pubkey) {
secp256k1_scalar s;
secp256k1_scalar e;
secp256k1_gej rj;
secp256k1_ge pk;
secp256k1_gej pkj;
secp256k1_fe rx;
secp256k1_ge r;
unsigned char buf[32];
int overflow;
VERIFY_CHECK(ctx != NULL);
ARG_CHECK(sig64 != NULL);
ARG_CHECK(msg != NULL || msglen == 0);
ARG_CHECK(pubkey != NULL);
if (!secp256k1_fe_set_b32_limit(&rx, &sig64[0])) {
return 0;
}
secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(&s, &sig64[32], &overflow);
if (overflow) {
return 0;
}
if (!secp256k1_xonly_pubkey_load(ctx, &pk, pubkey)) {
return 0;
}
/* Compute e. */
secp256k1_fe_get_b32(buf, &pk.x);
secp256k1_schnorrsig_challenge(&e, &sig64[0], msg, msglen, buf);
/* Compute rj = s*G + (-e)*pkj */
secp256k1_scalar_negate(&e, &e);
secp256k1_gej_set_ge(&pkj, &pk);
secp256k1_ecmult(&rj, &pkj, &e, &s);
secp256k1_ge_set_gej_var(&r, &rj);
if (secp256k1_ge_is_infinity(&r)) {
return 0;
}
secp256k1_fe_normalize_var(&r.y);
return !secp256k1_fe_is_odd(&r.y) &&
secp256k1_fe_equal(&rx, &r.x);
}
/* Additional forward declarations needed */
extern void secp256k1_scalar_clear(secp256k1_scalar *r);
extern void secp256k1_gej_clear(secp256k1_gej *r);
extern void secp256k1_gej_set_ge(secp256k1_gej *r, const secp256k1_ge *a);
#endif /* SCHNORR_STANDALONE_C */